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L.A
I I I
THE
ul ii
BEACH
REVIEW
S['CT
WINNERS IN NATIONAL 4.H ACHIEVEMENTS
Ruth Lehman of Zumbrota, Minn., and James W. Potts of Aspermont, Tex-
as, winners of the Payne Fund fellowships for 1935-36, consisting of $1,000
with which to study for nme months at the U. S. Department of Agriculture
in Washington. These fellowships are awarded each year for outstanding 4-H
Club achievements, to one young man and one young woman.
I I |1
CO-OPERATION IS A WAY TO FREEDOM
Noted Co*Operator Says Problems
Can Be Solved By People
"Tile de.cision of the Supreme Court
on the NRA brings to the fore the
whole question of the proper function
of tbe federal government in econo-
mic ~.attera, Should the government
exercise large powers in regulating,
planning, and directing economic af-
fairs, or should it take no other part
in those affairs than to maintain a
fair field?" is the comment of one of
the leaders in the co-operative move-
ment.
"Maintaining a fair field might
mean public ownership of some of
the public utilities, such as the rail-
roads. This limited degree of public
ownership seems to have been help-
ful in the Scandinavian countries.
But we should study to keep the field
of governmental activity In economic
matters Just as small as possible.
The exercise of large powers by the
government leads inevitably to tyr-
auny.
"Many of the things that various
groups want the government to do
would be quite nnnecessary under a
good development of vohmtary co-
operation. Those who clamor for a
large participation by the government
in economic matters entirely over-
look, or fail to appreciate, the power
the people have through voluntary as-
sociation in their own co-operatives.
"The United States Is not the only
countrj in which the people are dis-
cussing this question. It is very much
to the fore in Great Britain. Profes-
sor F. Hall of the English co-opera-
tive movement recently said: 'The
greatest menace before us today Is
the extension of government inter-
ference ia trade and industry. The
only thing that co-operators want
from the government is freedom to
develop their movement in their own
way.'
"That is the very general attitude
of co-operationists. They ask only
that the government maintain condi-
tions of equality for all--which means
of course, to refrain from helping
capitalistic business, Under such
conditions, the people can work out
their own economic salvation through
co-operation. This is the way of free-
d0m."
SURPLUS WILL FADE
IF ALL HAVE PLENTY
Efforts to find new uses for farm
products are one of the results of the
agitation about surpluses. However,
the figures showing the per capita
production of farm products in this
~ountry indicate that the good old
uses of these products for human
food and clothing would be quite am-
ple to absorb the fall supply If the
people were adequately fed and cloth-
ed.
The notion that we were being
swamped with overproduction of
farm products before the drouLh is a
myth. Figures compiled by the De-
partlnent of Agriculture sbow that
the increase In crop production In
this country has been less than the
Increase in population since 1891.
Since 1906, the figures show, the
trend in crop production per capita
has been markedly downward, de-
eliL'ing from 115% of the 1910-14 level
tn 1~06 to ~4% in 1929, and to only
50% in 1934,
Professor tI, C. Filley of the Nebras-
ka College of Agriculture has shovcn
that even the food and feed crops
saved by the reduction in the nmnber
of horses and mules, ,tbe decline in
per capita production of food and
feed crop from 1915 to 1929 was at
the rate of .29 of 1% a year.
It is not new uses for farm pro-
ducts we need, but restoration of the
old uses. If we would regain even a
part of our former world markets,
and adequtaely feed anti clothe our
own people, there would be no sur-
ph3s.
Manager A Leader
A good CO-OP manager should be
able to submit to supervision and at
the same time be broad-minded
enouglt to advise his board of Cirec-
tore on policies of buslnesa: and to
lead his membership In co-operative
sdu$ ~tIo~,
Education Necessary
Genuine cooperation can dev-
elop only as rapidly as the peo-
ple understand it. If it goes
beyond their understanding,
they cannot direct it them-
selves; and if somebody else
directs It for them, democracy
ls destroyed, and it is no longer
co-operation. We see this push-
ing of co*operative undertakings
faster than the growth of co-
operative understanding In all
promoted movements. This Is
the chief reason why promoted
undertakings almost always fail.
Because genuine co-operaticn
can be developed no faster than
the growth of co*operative un-
derstanding, co-operative educa-
tion Is all important In building
the co*operative movement. Try-
ing to make haste by neglectihg
co*operative education only re-
tards permanent growth, The
only way to speed up the
growth of co*operation Is to
speed up co*operative education,
~L. S. Herren.
College Co-ops Numerous
Reports from 102 colleges and unl-
versltles in the United States indicate
the operation of 49 co-operatives on
college campuses according to a sur-
vey recently completed by the Co-op-
erative League. Co-operative book-
stores lead the list with ~1 colleges
reporting successful Ol~.ratlon of
such organizations. The Princeton
Co-operative bookstore i$d the list
with a sales volume of $450.000 for
1934. while the sales in other non-
profit co-operatives ranged from
$150,000 at Cornell to $2,090 at Al-
bany, Oregon, Co-operative sales in
those colleges from which statistics
were available were over $1,000,000,
with indications that total co-opera-
tive business on campuses ran much
higher than that figure.
Land Bank Rates Lowered
Temporary reduction of interest
rates on all land bank loans made
through National Farm f.oan Associa-
tlons, to 3~ per cent for the year be-
ginning Jul~ 1, has been announced
by the Federal Land Bank of St. Paul.
Rates for the next 2 years have been
fixed at 4 per cent, after which the
rate will return to that provided in
the original mortgage. This is a tem-
porary reduction authorize(: by the
Farm credit act of 1935 signed June
)
3 by I resident Roosevelt. The rate
for individual borrowers from the
bank will be 4 per cent for the first
year and 4~,.~ per cent for the 2-year
period, No change is made In com-
missioner's loan rates.
DAVIS LAUBS STEPS
TAKEN BY FARMERS
AAA Chief Gives Agriculture Credit
For Leading Recovery
Pointing cut that a,:ricultur~ is
leading ti~e w:~y o~lt of the econonlia
jungle, and lauding the American
p.rcducers for tile flue co-operation
they have giveu, Chester A. Davis,
AAA administl'ator, pays tribute to
the farlncrs co-operative nlovemeuts
ill a recent address.
Davis said the three million farm-
ers co-operating in the AAA's adjust-
ment programs are focussing a
searching light on today's puzzling
ecouomic problems.
},lade restless by this light, "our
aroused national consciousness can
go to work and solve these problems,"
Davis asserted.
Speaking befort, a large group, Da-
vis showed where there has develop-
ed with the adjustment programs and
other government efforts a steady
trend toward supplementing a politi-
cal democracy with economic democ-
racy.
"There is a steadily growing public
understanding of the national and m-
ternational importance of the issues
at stake," he declared. "If this na-
tion succeeds in working out methods
of ecouomic democracy which wiIl
correct the unbalances it may cc.n-
ceivably usher in a period different
from the conlpetition-ridden and war-
torn past."
The farm administrator said the
common denominator solutinn to the
nation's economic problems ix "an in-
formed and thinking people function-
ing through a workable democracy
that is free from the hysteria and pas-
sions of partisan politics."
A democracy, he said, "Omt is free
from the traditions of a past that is
no longer with us. unafraid to step
on toes that may need to be stepped
on for the national good, and patrio-
tic enough to sacrifice in times of
peace what others sacrifice in times
of war.
Followed Industry Plan
"Agriculture has practiced indua-
try's plan of cutting down produc-
tion. Not to any great extent but on-
ly enough to accomplish two things
definitely
"To regain some of the disadvan-
tage it has been nnder for so long,
and to direct public attention to the
principle itself, so that the people
may decide in the future light of the
demonstration whether they want to
retain that principle tn our economic
system of allowing only one group
to control production and thus create
unbalance.
"If industry coutinues to berate
the farmer for his modest reduction
of surplus crops, industry will find it
increasingly difficult to continue its
real economics of scarcity on the
public by cutting production so much
more than the farmer ever did.
"I will resolutely support the right
of agriculture to continue this sound
control of production as long as It is
necessary to maintain a measure of
economic balance and an equitabl¢
purchasing power."
Missouri ~-Op. Prospers
Tl~e establishment of the Producers
Produce Company is a co-operative
achievement of which the farmers of
Southwest Missouri may well be
proud. Organized in 1920, this group
has now built its own egg and poul-
try plant at Springfield, Me.. a splen-
did building containing 77,000 square
feet of floor space, or approximately
two acres.
Annual carlot shipments of the
company total over 300 carloads of
live poultry, 150 carloads of dressed
poultry, 600 carloads shell eggs, 200
carloads canned eggs, 25 carloads
wool--a total volume of over 23,000,-
000 pounds handled annually, with
gross sales averaging between 2½
million and over 5 million dollars.
depending upon price of eggs and
poultry.
Stockholders have received 8% di-
vidends each year since organization,
and the co-operative has paid over
$610,000 patronage dividends to mem-
bers.
Control of industry by the consum-
ers of the products of indnstry this
is true economic democracy.
YOUTH AHD THE CO-OP MOVEMENT
By a Young Farmers Union Worker
As we watch the co-operatives grow from weak little experiments into
magnificent and i.q~posing business enterprises we, the youug co-operators,
cannot help but stick out our chests and feel proud of ore- organizations. At
the same time we experience a feeling of anxiety and deep responsibility.
When the tl~ought that some gay we will have to take over the management
of these ever growing institutions begins to depress and give us the "jitters"
we begin to look for sources of information on consumers' co-operatiou.
In our Youth Locals steps should be taken to acquaint ourseh'es with
practical problems faced by co-operatives. Trips through stores and other
co-op, institutions with explanatory remarks by the manager or some other
experienced person offer much information to the receptive ear. The co-
operative press and other interesting literature offer solutions and informa-
tion on practical probl~ns and the principles on which the co-operative move-
ment is based.
We, young men and women, have a grave responsibility, for we must
carry on the work that has been initiated by our fathers and mothers, When
we inherit the co*operatives for which our elders have sacrificed their time
and knowledge we must carry on and expand with our youthful energy as an
asset end the experience of old cooperators as a guiding hand. Let us edu-
cate ourselves in the ideals and principles of consumers' co-operation and in
loyalty towards ot~r own organizations, and the progress that has thus far
been made will seem Insignlficant in comparison wlth the forward strides
that will be made In the coming year=,
0
Washin.:ton.--lt Is slightly more
tlian three months since President
Itoosevclt si~ned the
S~ow on c~ngressional resolu-
Wor~$ Re~le~ t l o n appropriating
five billion dollars for
nse by the administration In public
works and public relief. To date. ac-
cording to the records, less than lmlf
a billion dollars has been allocated for
expenditure on agreed projects and of
this sum approximately three hundred
million dollars was turned over to the
Civilian Conservation corps, a going
institution.
The slow motion of the administra-
tion In getting its public works relief
program underway is giving birth to
an lntmense amount of criticism. If
one Is to believe the undercurrent of
dlscnsslon In Washington, It Is giving
more concern to the officials responsi-
ble for spending this vast sum of money
in the recovery-reform effort of the
New Deal• St) many projects have been
advanced and rejected In turn, so
many new ideas have been brought
forward and ballyhooed and so many
false motions have been indulged In
that Washington observers are rapidly
reaching the conclusion that congress
was correct when In debate, it was
sidd the udministration had no con-
crete phm for utilization of this vast
fund.
To review the developments since
April 8, when tbe President signed
the appropriating resolution, is to say
that conditions have been one continual
round ef confusion. First, it will be
recalled the President songht to meet
the wishes of congress as expressed in
debate by re]ievlng Secretary Ickes,
public works administrator, of much
of tile responsibillty and authority lie
held. This was accomplished by the
new setup that was reported to yon
heretofore. Now. It seems, tile new
setup has failed to function and the
bulk of the management of expendi-
tures has settled down into the lap of
Harry Hopkins, the relief adminis-
trator.
Mr. Ickes still has some authority.
It apparently is enough to irk Mr.
:Hopkins. These two men differ widely
in their views. Mr. Hopkins long has
been looked upon as a reliever by pro-
fession; Mr. lckes has attempted, inso-
far as he has been able, to employ
practical methods In administration of
his share of the funds.
Laying aside the personal equation
which ls best exemplified by the Ickes-
Hopkins differences It must be said
frankly that next to nothing has been
accomplished. President Roosevelt has
stated and reiterated that tile expendi-
ture program Is getting underway sat-
isfactorlly, but the discussion among
observers seems to show an alarming
lack of co-ordination and of Indecision.
One of the newest projects ad-
vanced, and It has Just passed the
stage of an executive
The Youth order setting up a
Program new agency, Is the
so-called National
Youth administration. This new alpha-
betical unlt~the NYA--has received
fifty million dollars to spend In helping
boys and girls between the ages of six-
teen and twenty-five. It Is supposed
to be a means of preventing Idleness
among the young people who are of
the age during which, unless they are
occupied, Irresponsible tendencies de-
velop.
In announcing the new program, the
President departed from his previously
announced intention of assisting only
persons now on relief. Whether this
departure means that he has tossed
aside definitely t~te rule laid down last
winter that the dole must go or
whether this Is to be an Isolated ex-
ception to that rule, Is not immediately
determinable. It remains as a fact
that the government's assistance un-
der the NYA will be available to needy
young men wbo are not on the dole
as well as to those who art on relief.
Secretary Perkins, of the Labor de-
partment, said the plan had been
worked out by her and her associates
In the children's bureau. She figured
that 2.Y~0.000 would be eligible for as-
sistance under the plan. Those to be
helped wlll be selected by local volun-
teer committees, thus establishing In
each community anothe~ agency sub-
Ject to federal domination and fedeza]
guidance.
Succinctly, the scope of the NYA as
outlined by Mr, Roosevelt itncludes:
Finding employment In private in-
dustry for unemployed youShs.
Traittlng youths for tndtmtrlal, tech-
nical ano professional employment.
Providing for continued attendance
of needy youths in high schools and
colleges.
Providing work relief on projects to
meet tlle needs of youth.
Miss Josepbine Roche, an assistant
secretary of the treasury, and Aubrey
W. Williams, assistant ¢o Adminis-
trator Hopkins, have been given sole
responsibility for management of the
latest al,phabetica] agency. The.selec-
tion of Miss Roche was said Sy the
President to have been in recognition
of her long service In the social field
an~d her thorough understanding of
problems of the growing generations.
~Notwithstandlng the sincerity and
the desires of the President to initiate
a program that will be helpful, one
hears much doubt expressed that suc-
cess will be attained. In the minds of
students of affal~
there are thoughts flitting back and
forth inquiring whether it is possible
for a central group like the federal
government to arrange satisfactory
methods or occupations for a popula-
tion so far flung as our own. It is
further doubted that sufficient flexi-
bility can be worked into any program
to permit of any genuine good coming
from the expenditure of even so vast
a sum as fifty million dollars,
Beyond that, I have heard it asked
how the administratlon expects to find
employment for unemployed youths In
industry when late figures show a
larger list of unemployed adults than
obtained at this time a year ago.
High schools and colleges, of course,
are available to provide the educational
requirements forming one idea In the
general program, Those youths who
desire to continue their education cer-
tainly are deserving of help and the
NYA offers a means to that end. It
Is too early to forecast what the re-
quirements will be or what sort or
rules will be laid down respecting ap-
plicants for educational assistance.
But even the administration's most
vigorous critics have omitted throwing
any barbs at this feature of the NYA.
Almost simultaneously with the
President's announcemen: of the NYA
he made known that
Non-Federal the way was clear
Pro~ects for construction on
what he said was the
first group of non-feder.~ projects un-
der the public works section of the five
blilion dollar fund. lie gave his ap-
proval to 63 projects, the total cost of
which was figured at approximately
twenty-one million dollars.
Each of the loans made In this allo-
cation of funds was based on a grant
of 45 per cent of the cost of the par-
ticular project by the community where
the work is to be done, The federal
government loans the other 55 per
cent. In this way the cost to the gov-
ernment in most instances is expected
to be held within the limitation of
$1,143 per man per year.
Some weeks ago the President fig-
ured out that the cost of no project In
whlch the federal government put
money should exceed an amount
greater than $1,143 for every man em-
ployed. This was designed to spread
employment. But the rule thus far
has been inoperative because not a
single man has been put to work un-
der any of these projects.
In the meantime, numevous and
sundry other proposals for expending
parts of the federal money have either
been thrown overboard or have been
held In abeyance pending further con-
sideration. This is true of a gigantic
housing program worked out by Secre-
tary Ickes. It was planned there to
spend $250,000,000 and when It was
announced a press statement was
forthcoming from the Public Works
administration that hundreds of men
would be offered Jobs within a xnonth,
so far had the plans advanced.
Also, since April 8, nothing whatso-
ever has been done toward elimination
of dangerous railroad grade crossings.
I was told at the Interstate Commerce
commission and again at the bureau
of public roads that their plans were
all ready to proceed with reduction of
these highway traffic hazards and
eliminate potential death traps where
highways cross railroads. Something
has blocked the effort in this dire~ction,
however, and as far as present infor-
mation goes actual work on grade
crossing elimination will not be started
for the next several months.
While the administration is seeking
to develop new projects to aid ~nem-
ployment and relieve
Pet Scheme destitution, one of Its
Runs Amuck pet schemes appears
to be running amuck.
I refer to the effort to transplant 200
Middle Western farm families to the
Matanuska valley of Alaska. This
colonization project was carried on
with federal relief money and those
families which were uprooted were
taken to Alaska to find the end of the
rainbow. According to activity around
the Federal Relief administration here
It is made to appear that the end of
the rainbow was, as usual, some dis-
tance further on. Certainly It was not
In the Matanuska valley because a
number of the families already have
determined to quit and return to their
home communities In the states.
Members of congress who are ac-
quainted with Alaskan conditions tell
me that the Matanuska valley is prob-
ably the most fertile spot in conti-
nental United States. They hold to
the conviction that almost any kind
of food can be grown in the soil of
that valley. But these men are under
no illusions, They know the hardships
that confront those settlers who were
being plan~efl there by the federal gov-
ernment In the hope of colonizing
that area. Few of them, the house
members assure me, can llve there
very long u~less Uncle Sam Is willing
to spend millions tn providing at least
some of the modern conveniences of
this day and age and supplying in ad-
dition means of transportation and
communication. The word that comes
direct from Matanuska colony to the
Relief administration shows, in my
opinion, that the project was conceived
and executed without any thought hay.
ing been given to the yractieal ~r~b-
So.ms to be met.
I F!ousewi~e's Idea Box J
in Place of Candle Holders
If you wish to decorate a birthday
cake with candles and have no can-
dle holders, use this idea: While
the cake Icing Is still soft, place a
marshmallow or gumdrop on the
cake as a bolder. Stick your can-
dles into these and they will hold
them upright and eatcl" any drip.
TilE HOUSEWIFE.
Copyright by Public Ledger, Inc.
~,VNU Service,
Manufactured by bal~ng
powde~ Specialists who
make nothing but bak-
ing powcler ~uncle~
supervision of expert
chemists.
ms 44 ~e~vs ~
Z5 e===®s eee 25e
FULL PACK
NO SLACK FILLING
No Ban on Nudism
A bill to place the ban on the
practice of nudism in the Hawaiian
islands was tabled recently by the
legislature of that United States ter-
ritory. The perfect climate is given
as the reason for placing no mini,
mum on clothing.
|
Household Hint
Many laundresses do not Iron their
clothes dry and this results fn easily
creased garments that look unsightly
after one wearing.
SWEETEN "
Sour Stomach
--by chewing one or
rno~e Miinesia Wafers
You can obtain a full size 20c package
of Milnesia Wafers containing twelve
full adult doses by furnishing us wi~h
the name of your local druggist if hc
does not happen to carry Milnesia
Wafers in stock, by enclosing lOc in
coin or postage stamps. Address
SELECT PRODUCTS, INC.
4402 23rd St., Long Island City, N. Y.
My Name is .............................
~t~et ~ddre:a. ..........................
To~m & State ............................
~My Druggist's Na~e is. ....................
~t~set Addres~ ...........................
Faum & State ...........................
J*A" Foo' -no e"
l~t" For hot, tired, aching, hum-
in~ feet, a light application of
CutieuPa Ointment, gen-
fly rubbed in, after bathing thn
feet in a suds of warm water ~d
Cutleut~t ~oap, rcF~ves tS~
tired mu~cle~, soothes the s~=2n a~d
gives eomfort and reel.