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GOLDEN VALLEY NEWS
Danger Income Land Prices Steadily
Tax LawWiU Go R,se Toward Boom Level
By Default
No group or _organization has
come out, as yet,~ for repeal of-the
state income tax--indicating that
there is no valid reason why North
Dakota voters should eliminate
this fairest and relatively mild
form of taxation.
Nevertheless, because many citi-
zens. including most farmers, have
incomes on which they pay a state
tax, as well as a high federal tax,
they are apt to vote for income
tax repeal.
Unless shown that if the income
tax is repealed this money must
come from some other tax--which
will fall on citizens whether they
have a high income or low.
The income tax is the fairest
method of levying taxes yet de-
vised. Let's keep it, by voting "no"
oft the income tax repeal initiated
measure.
S~nificantly, even the last issue
of the North Dakota Taxpayer
does not defend the attempted in-
come tax repeal, although the No.
Kansas City.--Sale prices of U. S.
farm lands continue to go up, slow-
ly in some regions, but apparently
with irresistible force. True infla-
tion and "boom" stories begin to
appear, as that of a piece of l~nd
sold thrice in. a year near Los An-
geles, with each seller making a
profit--and the dealer turning a
commission three times.
Over more than half the U. S.
total farm area, according to Farm
Credit Administration figures, farm
land brought in 1943 20 per cent
higher prices--or more--than in
1942.
Througout tremendous areas, the
increases ranged between 30 and 50
percent. "Boom" conditions were
severest in California, the Pacific
Northwest. the Great Plains, and
the extreme southeast. Canny New
Englanders held the land-price in-
creases down to less than 10 per
cent, and in much of the midwest
and midsouth the increase was low.
Said E. C. Johnson, chief of
FCA's economic and credit research
division: "Another farm land boom
can only result in great hardship
Dakota Taxpayers Association
poses the permanent equalization
fund permitting a 4-mill levy.
It's arguments include: (1) Sc'.~-ool
districts are now well-off financial-
ly (they are only because delin-
quent taxes for several years have
been paid recently, but from now
qn they will have to get along on
current year's receipts.)
(2) The sales tax will be con-
tinued and furnish equalization
funds (The sales tax is an emer-
gency and not a permanent tax,
and will expire unless specifically
renewed by the legislature.)
(3) Financing of the schools
should be a local proposition re-
gardless of the ability or school
population of a school district. (A
better opportunity for schooling for
all children will be obtained when
we tax wealth wherever it is to
educate children, wherever they
are.)
The Taxpayers Association op-
poses the 4-mill levy. It is favored
by an overwhelming .majority of
both houses of the legislature
(Leaguers and coalitionists alike),
the Parent-Tettchers Association,
the North Dakota Education Asso-
ciation, the School Officers Associa-
tion, the Nonpartisan League, and
the Farmers Union.
By its friends you shall know it,
vote "yes" for the constitutional
amendment creating a permanent
equalization fund.
81VEDEN CALLS TROOPS
The British radio reported t~xat
Sweden has called up many more
%rOOl~, closed shipping lanes and
~~ed Kghthouses.
Cows wilt consume large quanti-
ties of roughage, which is the
cheapest feed in the ration. Extra
care to provide good pasture and
hay pays hhe producer. .....
Sixteen counties have participa-
ted in a windbreak and orchard
tree protection program to check
damage from rodents.
op- for many farmers. There is real
danger of this."
Reasons Why
The activities of lard speculators.
loans by individual money lenders,
city people "hedging against infla-
tion" by buying farm lands at in-
flated prices, and people buying
1983
10-20
new "bare" look is tops in
fashions. Designed to give
as much sun-tannlng as pos-
, the ptm~fore illustrated also
neat little "cover-up" bolero
toil
Bell Pattern No. 198,3 is
10, 12, }4, 16, 18
20. Size 12, pinafore dress,
3 I-2 yards of 39-inch
bolero, 1 3-4 yards.
tk}r home sew-
new Spring ABC l~t-
B~k--just off the press.
t 10 ce~ts per copy. Order an
laatter~ BOok with a 15 cent
25 cents, plus 1 cent
pattern send
I cent f~ postage,
your n~lTte, address,
a~d size. wanted to
D. Newspaper
South Wells Street,
Ill.
farms to provide draft exemption--
themselves or sons or other rela-
tives plus the recent increases in
production of farm machinery en-
couraging farmers to believe they
can successfully expand all these
are factors in the land-boom sit-
uation.
Farm Credit Administration
through its many agencies is doing
its best to hold the situation steady,
as is FSA. FCA has held to its "nor-
mal agricultural value" formula
developed during the depression.
This provides that FCA would
loan on the normal ability of a farm
toproduce in normal times, not on
the low value the land, might reach
during a depression, or the high
value during a boom.
Therefore in 1943 the average size
of farm mortgages by Federal Land
Bank rose only three per cent over
1940. while the average size of loans
by private indivduals, rose 55 per
cent and those by banks 32 per
cent.
A bright spot in the situation con-
tinues to be that farmers continue
as a whole to pay off mortgages
faster than they make them. so that
total farm mortgages held by fed-
eral agencies are still going down.
The Fed~eral Land Banks and Fed-
eral Farm Mortgage Corporation
took i2~ $4.03 in repaid loans for
every $1 paid out, between Jan. 1,
1942, and Sept. 30, 1943.
Norris Sees TVA As
Missouri Basin Model
McCook, Neb,--The Tennessee I
Valley Authority principle, adapt-I
ed to local conditions, is workable]
everywi~ere, in every large river
basin of the U. S. and indeed allI
over the world, says Ex-Senator~
George W. Norris. j
Something like the TVA plan
must be applied to the problems
of the Missouri Basin, with its 530,-
000 square miles and 8,000,000 peo-
ple, largest river basin in the U.
S., save that of the Mississippi of
which it is a part, said Mr. Norris.
Father of TeA
He ~s the father of the TVA and
fought, for it thru years of dis-
couragement. Now that TVA is
winning acclaim as one of the tre-
mendous achievements of the hu-
man race, and winning nation-
wide support against the attempts
to crtpple it, Mr. Norris is very
happy.
"On these western rivers, such as
the Missouri, there is an element
not present in the Tennessee Val-
ley and other Eastern basins," he
said. '~rhat is the necessity for ir-
rigation."
This means that in the West, uni-
fied, basin-wide development, un-
der a plan simj'lar to that of TVA,
m-ust-take~ in the need for irriga-
tion.
"Certainly the problems of the
Missouri Basin are too vast to be
undertaken by private enterprise,
or even by the individual states.
"When God made the Missouri
Basin, He paid no attention to state
lines. The only way we can de-
velop it for mankind is to work
according to a basin-wide plan, not
piecemeal.
"Flood-control, of course is im-
perative. The communities of the
Lower Missouri deserve every con-
sideration in their struggle against
conditions which do many millions
werth of damage every spring,
take lives, flood millions of acres
of crop land and ruin production.
"The natural partner of flood
control is irrigation, particularly in
this dry western land where men
must have irrigation to insure
crops.
'~Phe best place in the wor~cI to
hold back flood waters is in the
soil itself. Numerous reservoirs
must be built on the Missouri and
its tributaries, to hold back the
crest of the floods, and when you
have that water available, irriga-
tion is the natural answer, at least
in the. upper two-thirds of the val-
ley.
"Big drams also mean water-fall,
md water-fall means power. Here
is the crux of the fight in the Mis-
souri Valley as it was in the TVA
area.
"We could 13ave had TVA--all
except the power features--years
earlier if I had surrendered to the
demands of ~e power trust that it
be built in such a way that powex
could not -be generated by the peo-
ple for their own use and good.
I would not surrender on that
point. Now the public power capa-
city of TVA is nearly 2,000,000 K.
W.
"You will find the serae thing in
the Missouri Valley~that the most
stubborn resistance to any plan to
develop the valley in the public
interest and by the people through
their government, will come from
the Power Trust.
"Navigation to my mind, though
an important function, is here not
so important as the other three I
~ave outlined. I do not see how
~e can use the river to irrigate on
any large scale during the dry
summer season, if at the same
time its waters must be used for
navigation.
"Some people want to approach
the basin through a compact--that
is, to have the various states enter
a compact and in that way divide
up the river.
Won't Solve Problem
"I have no objection to such a
plan, but at the same time I do
not believe it will solve the river's
problem. Jealousies among states
will prevent it. Even though a state
be absolutely right in its stand,
the other states won't believe it.
"Why look further for a means
of taming the gigantic resources of
the Missouri Basin when we have
a successful method right before
our eyes--that of the Tennessee
Valley Authority?
"Sooner or later we are going to
have to come to it, in the case of
the larger river basins of the coun-
try--either that, or continue with
local, state and sectional jealousies,
waste, floods, erosion, and all the
ills that beset a giant riverbasln
when men use it unwisely waste
its resources and attack its prob-I
]ems piecemeal. The Missouri Ba-[
sin is a whole, and must be ap-J
proached as a whole." I
A WELL-PL&CED BOMB dropped from a Pacific fleet Navy bomber
falls on Japanese installations at Tanapag harbor, Saipan, Marl-
anas, in the recent spectacular attack in that area. The odd design
seen in the lower left hand corner i~ a dredging channel and small
boat basin. U. S, Navy photograph. (International Soundphoto)
They Fight Now-..But
Want to Farm Later
According to next of kin, 88 per- have reported in reply to question-
cent of the men who went to war naires, that 5.523 indicate a desire
from rur,~l North Dakota want to to return to farms in their home
return to a farm in this state, communitieea It is significant that
This statement is backed by fig- this is 88 per cent of the total
ures of a statewide survey which
has extended through 42 of the 53
counties, with answers tabulated
from 6,285 North Dakota farm boys
now fighting on the seven seas,
several continents and in the
stratosphere.
Perhaps this finding is not so sur-
prising when it is considered that
5,039 servicemen, or more than 80
percent of those reported upon,
were engaged in farming when
number reporting.
Parents may be prejudiced, and
heartsick wishes may have father-
ed, or mothered the opinion, but
certainly figures in 779 townships
do indicate a real love of the state
which in 1943 was first in produe-
tin of wheat in the nation, produc-
ed a half billion in new wealth,
and bought most War bonds per
capita.
GNDA called upon each of its 53
called to the colors. Yes. and 1,575 county directors to work with the
of these boys were operating on county auditor and chairman of
their own before the war uproot- the board of county eommissmners
ed them from the soil. in appointing a reporter for each
Today, mothers, fathers, brothers rural township, to call on near
FRIEND AND FOE LIE ALIKE IN DEATH
AMERICAN AND GERMAN DEAD He sheeted and blanketed, row on row in a Normandy field, awaiting tempo.
rary burial in the soft of France for which in life they fought. The ~ene is in the beachhead area back of
the zone where many battles were merging lntd one as the struggle for point.ion of the Cherbourg peni~
approached its climax. Official U. S. Army Signal Corps radiophoto. (International)
NAVY GETS NEW FLOATING HOSPITAL FOR COMBAT
WE'VE SEEN LST'S, LCT'S, LCI'S and here is the late~--s I~E, or Patrol Craft Escort, which c~tal~ a
eomplet~ hospital ward of 57 bed& operating ~om, dispemmxy and X-ray facAlitie~ The craft is pi~
tured here u it glides through the Chicago loaks on a trial run. (l~er.afional)
Poor Clothes at Hi
Assailed by Home
.Though there are more gat'me~ts~
and yard goods in stores todayI and mere,
than four months ago, the ~-I ly a few
crease has been paralleled "with quently corn
definite denreci~tion, in ouality On the other
both in materials and workman-
ship of garments," the America~
Home Eco~omies Association re-
ported today on the basis of re-
ports from 28 states.
Clothes "skimpy even in neces-
sary places,' sleazy yard goods at
"outrageous prices," poorly made
house dresses which sl~rtnk and
fade and burst at the seams, poor
economists who
found that since
a similar poll was
of boys~ corduroy
fasteswrs, women's
house dresses, and
creased in some place&
"Children's clothes are
but where there is an
quantity there is SUch ~P~e~t
. terioration in quality that people
relatives of men in the service to would rather not "~v" wrote a
secure answers to a questionnaire. ~rresponaertt from Valley City,
The answers from two-thirds of " ~'~mtll
the total number of townships in l Art i lily...Must Be Raised
the state, repor~d on 6,285 service-lM~n' np~ees~g~OrTe~tll New,,~
men, of whom 1,300 were married. | for ~ th " • . ~, ~,=. r~e~l~
e at men nave to have un-
RatherR;:lml~rkWaab~te F~?the fact l de~h ~sV~I~ %~usee~,ta
I that 3,303, or 61 per cent, want to anything to go und"~'neat~" it~"
e to farm but feel t,~y, ~,,,-du,, l~OeX-- the ~ ......
WO ' . . ~ ~U~ OX ~ri~
| uld hke to start as renters. And Administration and the Office of
1945, or 17 percent, own stock and I Civilian Requirements have taken
[farm equipment. The report shows a series. Of steps ~ increase
that 675 men now own farm homes. I ductlo~ of low-cost clothin~ LI~
While 4.874 servicemen are indi- of these came Just ~ wee~-'~: wh~
cared as desiring to practice mixed .W~P_B_ promised prio~fles for ~,-
farming, 609 prefer power farming, b'u0,000 dozen items of ehil~tren's -.~
not a surprising situation for men
familiar with mass production
methods in North Dakota, which
fitted them especially for modern
mechanized war. Only forty were
listed as preferring dairy farming,
but few will have dairy herds at
hand when they take off tl~eir uni-
forms. The fact that but forty plan
to engage in dairy farming should
not be misconstrued as a lack of
interest in dairying, for 4,874 re-
turning servicemen plan to do
"mixed farming", in which dairy-
ing has ever been an important
factor. But it will take time for
either a buyer or renter to build
a dairy herd and grow into the
business.
Canvass Figure Totals
Below is a summary of the North
Dakota survey.
Married men ................................ 1300
Single men .................................... 4985
On farms when called ............5039
Farming on own account
when called ................................ 1575
Wanting to farm when dis-
' charged ........................................ 5523
Prefer mixed farming ................ 4874
Prefer power farming ................ 609
Prefer dairy farming ................ 40
Owning land .................................. 676
Having no land ............................ 4847
Having some stock and equip-
ment .............................................. 1554
Having no stock or equipment 3969
Plans for farming when dis-
charged ........................................ 945
Wanting to buy land .................. 3393
Wanting to rent ............................ 2130
Wanting land with buildings.. 4604
Resources--Cash, bonds, real
estate--average per man ..... $1050
A national goal of 67 to 70 mil-
lion acres of wheat for harvest in
1945 is announced by - the War
Food Administration. It is estima-
ted about 67 million acres were
planted for the 1944 crop, and 55
million acres in 1943.
Make homemade dye from hick-
ory bark and walnuts shells.
clothing for the fall school term.
The latest order brought little
rejoicing to the home economt~
who say it Will be a waste of
money to buy the garme~a~ tt~
quality is improved.
Percale, the backbone of well
p~anned family wardrobes among
~w:income. families, used to have
~engmw~se and 80 crosswise
rereads to the square luch, but
now it comes in oPJy 64 threads,
"Making house dresses of even
68 by 64 cloth Is a serious wast~
of .manpower and raw material,-
an investigate( wrote from L~
beck, Texas.
sell for 10 to 15 cents, a yard."
Though they were not polled o~
the shoe situation, many Associa-
tion members added complaints
that quality has seriously deteri.
orated.
81mes Go to Fleees
Among the ~ts: SeatLle,
Wash.: Children s shoes seem to
be the poorest made ~f any g~r-
ment---the soles crack cross-wire
and the whole shoe goes to piecee
asm~n as ~ =et~ a ~m~e wd.
ton Rouge, La~: Practical
shoes for working wome~ are de&.
perately needed.
Red Bluff, Calif.: '~Dne woman
said she and her htwba,nd had
give~ up their ahoe stamps for a
grandchild who had
through shoes at the
pair in about Six weeks.-
Associatior~ officials pointed out
that last February they ~td Joined
with. women of seven other or.
ganlzahons in urging W:PB to or.
der all shoe manufacturers to use
unbuffed, oil-treated soles far
wartime shoes since shoe trade
journals said ~uch producflozt me.
thods would lengthen 24
to 34 per cent. Unless
practice is made
or six pairs of ahoes will be ~d-
ed this year per person inste~td of
the rationed two, they predicted. "
Agricultural Prices, Farm
Indebtedness, Purchase of Bones
by W. Preston Thomas
Dept. of Agricultural Economics
Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah
I~IMEDIATELY following World
War I farmers bid up the price
of land to a point where most of the
f~attrchasers'either lost all of their
rm equity or it took a lifetlme
to pay off the mortgage with low
priced farm products. During this
period of high prices will the farm-
ers of America bid up the price of
land and abligate themselves with
a heavy debt load as they did in
1918 to 1920? Will they remember
the indebtedness they incurred
during World War I and how they
were forced to carry this burden
during a period of 20 years when
agricultural prices were de-
pressed? High prices and a post-
war depression were new experi.
for the farmers during and
World War L Most of
s operating today
nave experienced both high and
agricultural prices. Will these
experiences be remembered and
will they plan their economic pro-
gram more wisely during this pe-
riod of high prices than was the
case from 1914 to 1920?
Economic Program for Farmers
With the present outlook for con-
tinued heavy expenditurea by the
federal government for war ur-
poses and a reduc,~,~ ---- P -
civilian ~oo~]~ ~_~. ~'. --~ottm; oz
.... , muleations for the
~mmediate future are for continu-
~e~ g°°d~roi~e~l~e Hw°~e:e~, a~ieth
duction of government expendi.
tares and an adjustment in agri.
culture and industry back to ro
duction far--, ..... P "
there will ~- ,~or- civilian use,
duction in ~r~e~,y come a re-
or extent ~ ~'i.~.ne.exact time
be predicted -©uucuon can not
During the early phases of ma.
Jot wars, farmers should expand
production to the limit. However,
~ere comes a time because Of
-~-~ertamties as to duration of the
war and the fact that Prices W~
fall during the frost-war peeiod,
when the individual should not ex-
pand on long time credit which
requires many years to liquidate,
Now is a good time for farmers
to increase production for a year
at a time or shorter periods by
intensive use of available re.
sources. It is a time which calls
for caution concerning long-time
commitments, especially for put-
chase of high-priced land, breed-
Lug stock, or equipment.
During the period of high prices
the wise farmer will pay off hi~
~debtedness and buy United
tares ~onas. During the post.
war period there is likely to be a
depreciation in land, livestock, and
other farm values as well as re-
duced prices received for agricul-
tural products. On the other hand
the United States Government is
guarantying the value, w/th In-
terest, on the E Series of federal
Bonds. The dollar invested in
Bonds now when prices are high
will be returned with interest with.
out depreciation and at a time
when the value of other commodi.
ties may he low. The value or
purchasing power of the dollar in-
vested in Bonds will be greatly
increased when other prices are
reduced or when an adjtlstment is
made from a war to a peacetime
~eonomy. The farmer who is wise-
y planning hls war and post-war
economic
for use to improve the farm
the farm home
war period, Such
might include the
farm buildings, fences
and drainage
purchase of